Pneumatic tool.



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Patented Aug. I, |899. C. W. &. C. H. PECK.

PNEUMATIC TGUL.

(Application tiled Apr. 20, 1899.\

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Patented Aug. l, |899.

C. W. 8u C. H. PECK. PNEUMATIG TUGL. (un Model.) A (Application ledApr.' 20, 1899.) 2 sheetssheet 2 lb ,A

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l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CLARENCE W. PECK AND CAID 1I. PECK, or ELMIEA, NEW YORK; 'SAID CAIDI-LPECK AssIeNoR To SAID CLARENCE W. PECK.

PN EUMATIC TOOL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 629,967, dated August`1, 1899.

` Application inea April 2o, i399.v semina. 713,811. et@ man.; Y

To @ZZ whom t mag/concern:

Be it-'knowh that we, CLARENCE W. -FECIQ and CAID YH. PEOK,.c itizens ofthe United States,residing at Elmira, in the county of Cheinung andState of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements inyproved results may be attained, to'which end our invention comprisescertain novel features of construction, as will appear hereinafter andbe more particularly pointed out in our claims.

Ve attain the object of our improvementsl by the construction andmechanisms illus: trated in the accompanying drawings, Where` in we haveshown, ourinvention as applied to a pneumatic hammer, and in which-Figure 1 represents a side elevation of our complete tool, partsbeingshorwn in medial cross-section; Fig. 2, a-bottom view of the same,parts being shown in sectionfon the Vline 1 1in Fig. l` looking in thedirection of the arrows; Fig. 3, a Cross-.section on the line 'Wardlyfrom :the valve-box .and intoaicentral 2 2 in Fig. 1,- certain partsbeing omitted; Fig.

4, a vdetail in perspective of a portion of Fig.

3; Fig. 5, an end viewA of the bushing which receives the tool; Fig. 6,a cross-section of the valve-box L and its stem-piece M on the line 11in Fig. l; Fig. 7, asection ofthe valve.

box on the line 3 Sin Fig. G; Fig. 8, asection on the line t 4C in Fig.6 looking in thedirection Vof the valve box; Fig. 9, 1 a section throughthe valve-box and stem on'the line l 5 5 in Fig. 7 looking inthedirection of th'e arf rows; Figs. 10, 11, 12, and .13,' sections on .the

lines G 6, 7 7, 8 S, andai), respectively, in Fig. 7 looking in thedirectioniof the arrows; and Figs. '14 and 15, details showing the valveand the ported bushing which Wit-l1 the valvebox forms the valve-chambeuSimilar letters referto similar parts ihrou gli` out the several views.

A represents a cylinder having near one end a collar B. AhandleC,provided witha threaded sleeve, slips over the end of the cylinderAand is secured to said cylinder by more particularly in Figs. 3 and 4.W'ithinA the cylinder A is a piston G, from which eX- tends a piston-rodH, said pston-rodH traveling in the guidevvay I, which is formed by areduced extension of the cylinder A. Y

`A.lis a hammer-faceon theend of the pistonrod. I

A bushing K is screwed into Athe reduced "end of the guideway I andisprovided with an aperture to receive a tool-shank,wh ich may be eitherround or square, as sh'owninFig. 5, to the end that some tools, as whendrilling,

`may be turned by one hand While operating the hammer with the other andother tools may be held from turning in the hammer, as vthe Work to beperformed requires. Ay valvebox L is inserted at the opeuend of thecylinder A ands'ecur'ed in placeby means of a fiange, which is clampedbetvveenthe handle C and the end of the cylinder.

M is a Cylindrical stern. extending outchamber and the other, h, anexhaust-cham ber, to and from which lead the various ports and passagesby which the air is admitted to or exhausted from the opposite sides ofthe valve O and piston G. The bushing N is provided With a series ofannular ports e, f,`g, h, and t', communicating with the valve-ports IOOj and 7c by perforations, as shown in Fig. 15. A diaphragm Z is locatednear one end oi the valve O, at each side of which are two small holesm, forming a communication between the interior of the valve at eachside of the diaphragm and the port 7e. The stem Mis provided with fourlong ports n, o, p, and q. The ports n and o are of unequal length andare bent around in box L to register with passages eut in thecheek-pieces P Pto communicate with the valve-chamber at each endthereof. p is a port corresponding in diameter to the ports n and o andcommunicating with the exhaust-chamber, (see Fig. 9,) the opening ofsaid port from the side of stem M having its extremities on a line withthe openings from ports n and o, respectively, as shown in Figs. l and2. A large port q passes from end to end of the stern and communicatesWith the port gin bushing N at one end andthe bottom of the bore in thepiston-rod at the other.

r r are two lateral ports leading from the bottom of the bore of thepiston-rod and intended to bring ports n and o into communication withport p at the ends of the pistonstrokes, as will hereinafter appear.

The handle C is provided with a supplychamber S, to which is attachedthe air-hose by a suitable coupling. Separated from this supply-chamberby a diaphragm is an inletpassage T, which communicates with theadmission-chamber a through port t. A perforated bushing Q is screwedinto the top of the handle and passes through the diaphragm separatingchamber S from the inlet-passage T and forms a valve-chamber for thehollow piston-valve R, which is reciprocated therein by downwardpressure of the thumb or finger, being held in proper alinement with theports in bushing Q by a pin-and-slot connection. When the valve R ispushed downward, the series of ports z will register more or less withthe series of ports z in the bushing Q and admission from supply-chamberS to inlet-passage T will be regulated accordingly. It will be seen thatthe valve R is a self-closing valve, as it is closed and held closednormally by the air-pressure in supply-chamber S. U isthe'exhaust-outlet and communicates with the exhaust-chamber b by way ofthe port u.

Having thus pointed out and named the various parts of our device, theoperation thereof is as follows: The air-hose having been coupled tochamber/S .and pressure applied to the valve R, so as to bring ports e'and z into register more or less according to the strength of blowrdesired, air will be admitted through passage T to admission-chamber a,thence passing through port c into port 7L of the bushingN. From theport h the air passes by way of port 7c (the valve O being in theposition shown in the several views) to port z', and thence throughports @c to the rear of the piston G, this admission of air to thepiston driving the piston-rod and hammer-face outward to strike the toolwith the desired blow. Air ahead of the piston during the forward strokepasses to exhaust-chamber b by way of grooves s s and ports r r, q, g,j,f, and d. Vhen the piston has reached the end of its outward stroke,the groove w will cause port o to communicate with port 19. This placesthe valve-chamber in communication through port o with the exhaust. Theport n having been closed to the port p by the forward movement of thepiston-rod, air will now pass from port 7c into the valve O through thesmall holes m on each side of the diapb ragm l; but as one side of thevalve is in communication through port o with the exhaust the pressureon the other side will force the valve over to the opposite positionfrom that shown in Fig. 2. In this new position of the valve port c fromthe admission-chamber d is brought into communication with port g andclosed to port i. Air will therefore pass from the admission-chamber athrough ports c, 71;, g, and q to the ports r and thence along thegrooves s s' to the opposite or forward side of the piston G, forcingthe piston slowly back to its original position, exhaust from the rearof the piston taking place through ports y, e, j, f, and d toexhaust-chamber b. As soon as the piston is brought back to its originalposition the ports n andp will be placed in communication with oneanother by way of the groove 0, thus placing the valve-chamber in communication with t-he exhaust through ports n and p and causing the valveO to be shifted back to its original position by reason of the airpassing through the-small openings 'm on each side of the diaphragm Z inthe manner hereinbefore described. As the valvechamber is open to theexhaust at either end for short periods only, while the piston pauses atthe ends of its stroke, and as the holes m are small, it will be seenthat a very small quantity of the air-supply is used in shifting thevalve. It will be seen, further, that by reason of the large port areafurnished by the ports 0c 03' for admission to the rear or large end ofthe piston G air may be admitted thereto with the full force of theair-pressure, and by reason of the smaller exhaust-port y and the actionof the air upon the smaller area at the opposite .side Aof the pistonthe return stroke of the piston will be slow in comparison with theforward or striking stroke, the force and rapidity of the blows beingregulated by the amount of opening through ports ,e 2 as adjusted by thevalve R. The action of the piston-valve O will be noiseless, as itimpinges at each end of its stroke upon the cushioning cheek-pieces P P.

The operation of the device is automatic and is entirely under thecontrol of the opy erator through the valve R.

By placing the grooves o w closer together' a shorter stroke may begiven the piston, and the same tool may therefore be provided withseveral pistons and rods having different arrangements of the grooves,by the insertion of which any desired stroke may be attained ICO IIS

ton may be coupled by its rod to various other tools for impartingmotion thereto.

Having thus described our improvements, what we claim as our invention,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A pneumatic tool comprising a cylinder, a piston and a piston -rodreciprocating therein, a valve-box closing one end of the .cylin` der, avalve-cham berin the valve-box, a valve reciprocating therein, anadmission-chamber and an exhaust-chamber in the valve-box, a stemprojecting from the valve-boxinto abore in the piston-rod, means foradmitting Yair under pressure to the admission-chamber,and ports andpassages whereby the opposite sides of the valve and piston are placedin alternate communication with the admission and exhaust chambers.

2. A pneumatic tool comprising acylinder, a piston and a piston-rodreciprocating therein, a Valve-box closing one end of the cylinder, atransverse bore in the valve-box, a ported bushing in said bore, apiston-valve reciprocating in said bushing, an admissionchamber and anexhaust-chamber in the valve-box one at each side of said bushing, astem projecting from the valve-box into a bore in the piston-rod, meansfor admitting air under pressure to the admission-chamber, and ports andpassages in the several parts whereby the opposite sides of the valveand piston are placed in alternate communication with the admission andexhaust chambers.

3. A pneumatic tool comprising a cylinder, a piston and apiston-rodreciprocating therein, a cylindrical guideway for the piston-rod at oneend of the cylinder, a valve-box closing the other end of the cylinder,a stem projecting from the valve-box into a bore in the piston-rod, aport or ports at the end of said bore, a longitudinal groove or groovesalong the outside of the piston-rod opening into said port or ports, avalve-chamber in the valve-box, a reciprocating valve therein, and portsand passages in the valve-box and stem whereby air under pressure may beadmitted to and exhausted from the opposite sides of the piston.

4. A pneumatic tool comprising a-cylinder, a piston and piston-rodreciprocating therein, avalve-box closing one end of the cylinder, astem projecting from the valve-box into a bore in the piston-rod, avalve-chamber in the valve-box, a hollow piston-valve therein, adiaphragm in said valve, passages leading from the admission-portof thevalve to the interior on opposite sides of the diaphragm, two portsleading from opposite ends of the valvechamber into and partly throughsaid stem, a third port leading from the exhaust into and partly throughsaid stem, a groove near each end of the piston-rod bore whereby saidport from the exhaust is placed in alternate communication with theports to the ends of the valve-chamber when the piston is at the ends ofits stroke,and ports and passages controlled by the valve to actuate thepiston.

Y 5. A pneumatic tool comprising a cylinder, a chambered handle coupledto one end thereof, a tool-holder at the opposite end thereof, aValve-box in-the cylinder 'adjacent to the handle, a piston and apiston-rod reciprocating in the cylinder, admission and exhaust chambersin the valve-box registering with inlet and exhaust passages in thehandle,avalve chamber in the valve-box,a piston-valve therein, a stemprojecting from the valve-box into a bore in the piston-rod, and portsand passages in the several parts whereby the valve is automaticallyshifted and the piston reciprocated when air under pressure is admittedthrough the handle.

6. In a pneu matictool, the combination of a cylinder, a pistonreciprocating therein, a valve-box at one end of the cylinder, a handlehaving a valve-controlled inlet-passage, a screw-threaded sleeve on thehandle iitting over the end of the cylinder, a screw-threaded collar onthe cylinder, a coupling-swivel turning against said collar, and alock-screw in the peripheral wall of said swivel to engage said collarand lock the handle in proper alinement with the valve-box. Y

7. In a handle for pneumatic tools, the combination of thesupply-chamber S to which the air-hose is coupled; the inlet-passage Tleading therefrom through which air is supplied to the working parts ofthe tool, a diaphragm separating said chamber and passage, thecylindrical valve-case Q opening into said chamber through the diaphragmwith ports leading to said passage, the valve R reciprocating in saidcase and held normally closed by the air-pressure in the supplychamber,and a valve stem projecting outside the handle wherebythe valve may bepressed inward by the operator to open communication between saidchamber and passage.

8. The combination, with the cylinder of a pneumatic tool, of avalve-box therefor comprising a cylindrical shell fitting the end of thecylinder, a transverse bore in said shell, an ad mission-chamber and anexhaust-chamber one at each side of said bore, a ported bushing in saidbore, cushioning cheek-pieces closing the ends of said bore and bushing,a piston-valve reciprocatingin the bushing, and ports from said boreconnectingthe admissionchamber, the exhaust-chamber and the cylinderwith the ports around the bushing.

In testimony whereof we have aliixed our signatures in presence of twoWitnesses.

CLARENCE W. PECK. CAID H. PEOK. WVitnesses:

C. TRAcEYs'rAGe, A. S. DivnN.

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